Category Archives: Homesteading

homestead building, canning, drying, log hauling, hay making, creek flooding

Farming and Bees

Farming and Bees

While contemplating my honeybees this morning, I could not help but worry about them and what would happen to them with all the corn and soybean planting happening around me. Farming and bees do not fit as well together these days as they used to. My two package bee queens have finally started laying eggs (they had me worried) and the nurse bees are now actively feeding larvae. The nuc I just picked up and installed the other day is looking fine,  but all around me are fields of soybeans and corn that make me nervous. I know they spray Round Up right before, or even as they plant, to kill the wintered over weeds. Some of the weeds are in bloom and the bees could be on them and be sprayed as well. They will spray Round Up (glyphosate) again later when weeds start getting taller than the crop.  I got to thinking about neo-nicotinoids and whether or not the seed the local farmer uses is treated with it. He said he doesn’t usually spray insecticides, but if it is on the seeds, it does not count as spraying. It doesn’t even count as an insecticide application when studies are done, which is a technicality that needs to be fixed. I figured I would go to the feed store and ask them what kind of seed I could get to plant fields of corn and soybeans, and see what they recommended.

The Feed Store

So, I made a run into town for feed, gas and groceries. I made a list of what I needed at Southern States-

1.) Information and prices on Corn and Soybean seeds

2.) 10 more 6 foot metal T-posts to repair the fence in the back paddock

3.) Two bags of chicken feed, one bag of horse feed, and some birdseed as a treat for the bitties

I usually buy my feed from Southern States because their feed is a better quality than Tractor Supply, and is not crawling with insects. The Feed Bin over near Boonesboro has even better feed, really fresh, but she can be grumpy so I tend to avoid it.

I loaded up two gas cans to be filled at the Liberty station in Charlestown, where they sell gas without ethanol because, according to my repairman, using the normal gas with ethanol is why I have had such issues with my chainsaw, weed eater and lawnmower.  I also loaded up the propane tank for the grill, to be filled at the Tractor Supply store, where it is the cheapest.

As I was driving down Trough Road I saw a shiny blue, very large, tractor, with a spray rig all folded up, coming my direction, so I pulled off to the side for him to get by. He needed to turn to the field right where I had pulled off, it turned out, so I squeezed by him as he moved carefully around me. We waved at each other and went on. Then I thought,

“That was a missed opportunity to talk to a guy who knows what he’s doing.”

So I turned back around to see if maybe I could catch him outside of the tractor cab while he was setting up. Nope. He was doing all the setup and unfolding and everything from inside the cab, all hydraulically operated with switches. Darn. So I headed back towards town again. I didn’t want to get in the guys way, especially after all the wet weather we have had limiting the farm work lately.

When I got to the Sothern States it was a madhouse. It was bad enough that it was Saturday morning, but it was also the first morning without rain for two weeks. The whole back lot was covered with seed chutes loading trucks and trailers. All the seed I saw dropping into the trucks looked treated to me, with that pink fungicide color. In this weather, the seed would probably rot without it. I have had to replant my peas that weren’t treated, with all this wet weather.  Of course, my peas only take up about 15 feet of row, not like it is a major loss.  Inside, there were only some folks manning the registers, nobody from the offices was available. I went back there and found a couple of brochures on soybean varieties and management methods for wheat and corn, but I did not see a price list. Apparently, farmers work directly with someone in the office, to determine what their needs are, depending on crop history, the current weather situation, and the expected disease issues each season. All of them were busy elsewhere, so I brought the brochures home to read them.

Out of 30 varieties of soybeans available at Sothern States, only 2 were listed as conventional, which I think means, not genetically modified to allow for herbicide resistance. On this list 22 were engineered to be Round Up resistant and 6 were engineered for an alternate herbicide called Liberty Link. There are many different companies producing glyphosate herbicides and many other brands of seeds. The main thing is that conventional farmers choose their seeds and treatments according to cost and availability, and what they know will work for them. It is not going to be easy to change any of that and you can’t blame them when their choices are so limited. I read earlier today that sometimes there is even a money back guarantee if you buy the newest products they are pushing, with all the bells and whistles, and you get nothing if you buy the old conventional standbys.

After reading the brochures, it looks like Southern States custom mixes seed and adds whatever seed treatments you ask for. Acceleron is one of the treatments they list, which has an imadacloprid (neonicotinoid) systemic insecticide as one of its ingredients, which is supposed to limit insects only during early growth stages, or about 30 days.  There are fungicides in this product as well. The issue with bees is that during planting, the insecticide can become airborne in dust and coat any bees flying nearby. They carry it back to the hive and it gets mixed in with their pollen, wax and honey stores and contaminates the entire hive and the larvae get it fed to them.  Neonicotinoids are currently being researched for being a possible cause of colony collapse disorder because it may cause bees to become disoriented. It may also cause them to change their behavior so that they become precocious foragers, limiting their time as nurse bees. These growth timing changes can affect the whole colony’s life cycle. Maybe, if this insecticide is really needed (and it may not be) it could be planted as a wet mix to at least alleviate the drift concern.

I cannot imagine being a farmer these days. Just reading the pesticide information does me in, let alone the attributes of various seeds and their genetic changes.  Farmers have to be knowledgeable about so many different realms of plant science, have weather and luck on their side, and then be ready to put in really long hours to get their planting and harvesting done, during the right window of opportunity. There are no guarantees and way too many variables. You have to be an eternally optimistic person to pull it off. I have enough trouble with my chickens, gardens, horse and bees. I hope we can all find a way to save the bees, without making farming any more difficult.

Inside Outhouse

Inside Outhouse

In the eighties, we lived down in Nelson County, Virginia in an old dilapidated log house built by slaves before the Civil War. It was in such poor shape that the rent was free. We would be building a house on our land next door. When we moved in, there was no well or septic field, but there was electricity.

Eventually we borrowed enough money to install a well, and we buried plastic water line six hundred feet over to the cabin. So at least we didn’t have to haul water from the pond for washing anymore. With three little kids, two of them still in diapers, there was always washing to be done. We didn’t have a bathroom. We had a composting toilet behind a curtain in the kitchen that the kids’ dad thought was the cats meow.
We had regular arguments about this.

“I can’t take having that disgusting, smelly, composting toilet in the kitchen! It’s gross. I’d rather have to get my boots on and go outside in the pouring down rain, in the middle of the night, than have to put up with having it in the kitchen one more day.”

“Really. I like having it inside.”

“It is hard enough to cook in this tiny hallway of a kitchen without having to put up with disgusting sounds and smells coming from that thing. I want a regular outhouse and a little privacy.”

“Oh, yeah? Well than you had better get to digging yourself one cause I’m not. I have a perfectly good one right here where it’s warm and dry.”

“What? You think I can’t dig an outhouse hole? Watch me.”

“Well, it has to be done right. Tell you what. When you dig a proper hole, at least six feet deep with nice squared off sides, then I’ll build you a outhouse. Till then, drop it. Will you?”

“Deal.”

She went stomping off to the tool shed, first thing after breakfast the next morning. Set the kids up in the sandbox nearby with their shovels and trucks. First thing was to measure out the space where the hole would go and take off the sod. It was going to be a double holer so the kids could come out and use it at the same time she did. With a window and a door. She would dig the hole three by six feet wide and six feet deep. First she had to sharpen the shovel and the mattock with the file. She took shallow slices off and laid the sod in the wheelbarrow to fill the holes in the uneven yard. The red clay ground had baked brick hard, and sweat was pouring off her, as she chopped and shoveled. Loosened up a layer, shoveled it off into a pile. Loosened up another couple inches, shoveled it off. The ground was hard as rock. It would be a lot easier if a good rain was to come by and soften it some. After awhile, the kids got tired and needed lunch and a nap, so she had to quit. It was coming along though. Down about eighteen inches so far.

She had other chores to do the rest of the day so she put the tools back in the shed and started rinsing out diapers and heating water on the stove to wash them in. The kids woke up and wanted to draw so she set them up with crayons and paper and colored with them for a bit. Her oldest daughter came walking up the lane from the school bus and wanted a snack before she started homework. Then it was time to go out in the garden and pick some squash and beans to make for supper.

When their Dad came home, he made fun of how little she had gotten done on the hole.

“I reckon I don’t need to worry about having to build you an outhouse anytime soon at that rate.”

“I didn’t say I could do it in one day, you know. I have a lot of chores around here. What did you do today?”

“Oh, I went and checked out that new house going up out in Faber. Wanted to see if they needed any stone work.”

“And?”

“The jack ass running the construction crew told me they had somebody lined up already.”

“Well, have you talked to that guy you met down at the bar yet? Maybe you could show him some of your work so he can keep you in mind.”

“Hell. He won’t get me any work. He thinks he’s better than me. Say’s he can lay his own stone.”

“Well, what about that other guy? The one’s that building our near Schuyler?”

“Would you back off and quit nagging me? Nobody wants to pay me what I’m worth around here. I’m going to have to go back down to Carolina to make any money.”

“You could find work around here if you wanted. You just seem to think you should get paid more than anybody else. Maybe you should come down in price a little, just so you could work closer to home.”

“I am not lowering my price. They can take it or leave it. It’s their loss. They don’t know quality when they see it. Now drop it. When’s dinner around here, anyway?”

The next day, he disappeared off somewhere and she, once again, started digging the new outhouse hole. She got another three feet done and it was getting hard to find places to put the dirt.

Then it started to rain. It rained for two whole days and the hole filled up with water and the pile turned into a sticky red clay mess. Now it was going to have to dry out before she could dig it again,

It took almost a week to dry out enough to work it again. Of course, all the weeds in the garden went gang busters from the rain, so she had to take care of them first. Then she had to pick and can all the green beans. There was always something. Meanwhile he still wasn’t working. He tried to look busy down in the bottom land. Said he was working on fence. What a joke.

Finally, a couple weeks later, she got a break and was able to dig again. It was getting deep now and harder to throw the dirt up. She kept plugging away at it though. She had trouble climbing out of the hole, it was so deep. He didn’t care. He wasn’t helping. It was her problem.

The neighbors up the hill came by and she told them what the hole was for. They allowed as how it was a pretty nice hole and it would be an improvement to have a good double holer out back. They thought it was a little weird to have a toilet in the kitchen, too.

He came back from his hard day of fishing, with three tiny bluegills, and told her the hole still wasn’t deep enough.

“It is too. It measures right at six feet. Help me get out.”

“It’s not big enough until you can lay down in it and be buried over. Get yourself out. I’m not building you nothing.”

She finally got one of the kids to bring her a five gallon bucket so she could stand up on it and climb out. Then she packed the kids up in the car and stuck her head in the house and yelled,

“Get your own dinner! I’m leaving.”

She drove out the cove road fuming, wondering where she could go. She had to get away from him. He was driving her crazy. She decided to go visit her friend up on the mountain. She was always ready for a visit and they could chill out together. She would spend the night and to hell with him.
When she returned home later the next day he had left a note saying he had gone to Carolina and would stay at his friend Jackie’s house.

So at least she would have some peace while he was gone. Maybe he would come back with a better attitude.

Two weeks later, he came home all apologetic, with money in his pockets, from a small job his friend had found for him. He actually went down to the sawmill and bought some boards to build the outhouse with and spent a couple of days putting it together. It had a small window, scarfed up from the barn, and a hinged door with latches. The composting toilet finally got moved out of the kitchen, and stored down the hill in the tobacco barn, which made room to bring in the old iron bathtub and put it under the kitchen stairs. Grandmom sent some birthday money to buy an electric hot water heater, which fit under there too. Now there was both hot running water and a bathtub! Things were looking up.

New Chicks, New Pen

New Chicks, New Pen

The  day old chicks I ordered from Mt Healthy Hatchery  were mailed April 4th  and I was ready for them.  I had ordered 25 Araucanas (the ones that lay blue/green eggs) and 25 Golden Comet (for big brown eggs) pullets to supplement my old laying hens  and they are including 25 free heavy breed roosters.

25 Each of Golden Comet and Aracauna Pullets, Plus 25 Buff Orpington Roosters
25 Each of Golden Comet and Aracauna Pullets, Plus 25 Buff Orpington Roosters

I figure I may as well grow my own chicken to eat. It is bound to be healthier than store bought.

A couple of weeks in advance I set up the two small bitty pens I use out in the barn with brooder lamps, waterers and feeders and fresh hay on the wire floors. When the bitties arrived I split them into two groups, each with a Mama lightbulb. It was still getting below freezing at night so I stapled plastic up partway on the sides and opened it some on warmer days.

Second Bittie Box
Second Bittie Box
Tight Quarters With Mama Lightbulb
Tight Quarters With Mama Lightbulb

Then I started working on the rest of the barn. I had to tear off the 6 mil plastic I had stapled up for snowstorm Jonas this winter. It really helped to keep the wind and snow out of the barn and Mara and the chickens were much warmer and dryer than they would have been without it.

Barn with new plastic wind guard
Barn with new plastic wind guard

This photo was earlier this winter after the Jonas storm.

A couple of years ago I built a new metal roof over my chicken pen with three clear panels for sunlight. I was supposed to finish the job by taking down the outside chicken wire wall and ceiling and instead extending the wire all the way up to the roof. The roof was originally eight feet tall and made of flat chicken wire. Since I now have some time at home, being unemployed since January, I am finally going to complete this job.

Happy Chickens with plastic windbreak
Happy Chickens with plastic windbreak- Old pen

At the same time, I also needed to do the entire spring barn cleaning   and haul the mostly composted chicken manure to the garden.

Hauling Out the Chicken Compost
Hauling Out the Chicken Compost

It  has always been a little difficult to get to the inside of the chicken house because the doors into the yard and the door into the interior roost are both narrow. I remedied this by demolishing a wall between the chickens and a storage room, which has a nice big door. I turned this added space into new roosting, feeding and laying quarters for the laying hens.

New Roost for Layers
New Roost for Layers

I recently bought and set up two 160 foot rolls of electric poultry netting from Premier so my hens would be safe from our outrageous foxes when I am not here to watch them.

Woven, Electric Chicken/ Fox Fence
Woven, Electric Chicken/ Fox Fence
320 Feet of Electric Poultry Fence
320 Feet of Electric Poultry Fence

I had also cut them a little chicken door to get outside. All of this was dirty work and required a mask.

Dust Mask
Dust Mask

So, after the laying hens were all re-situated, I tore down all the old wire, pulling out each and every staple and piling up any reusable wood.

Salvedge Pile for Chicken Pen
Salvage Pile for Chicken Pen

I had saved some super heavy duty, expanded metal mesh from some old greenhouse bench tops to use on the lower half of the new run. The upper portion of wire is heavy gauge, green painted, tennis court wire which I salvaged from a garden client many years ago. It was old when I got it, having been used to fence in a wooden floored tennis court that I think may have been made in the 1950’s. It is still going strong. I have  also been using some green painted lumber from that same tennis court, along with two doors.

I built a travois looking roost in the new pen.

New Roosting Poles
New Roosting Poles

It took me about three days just to do the demo and cleanup, then another three to build it back. It looks so much better now and I built  a cleanout door into the covered run as well, so it will be easier to clean next time.

New Chicken Pen
New Chicken Pen

The chicks are three weeks old in this photo and have just been moved into the big pen from their little cages. They still have Mama lightbulb and a nest box though.

Morning Sun in the Bittie Run
Morning Sun in the Bittie Run

And yes, I finally broke down and brought home three baby ducks from the feed store too. I resisted for years.

Sun Glow Duckling
Sun Glow Duckling
four weeks old
four weeks old

All the babies are growing, although I am now in the process of dealing with a rat problem that I did not realize I had. I also had no idea that a rat would eat a baby chick. Now I know and things are getting buttoned up even tighter in the barn. It has never seen such cleaning. I am now digging up the dirt floors in the main part of the barn and redoing all that as well. When I get done, it will all be good. This is one of those jobs that had been put off for all those years I was working too hard for somebody else. Now, it gets done right.

-Wendy lee, writing at Edgewisewoods

 

Package Bees-May 2016

May 1, 2016

Spring has been cold and slow this year, so the package bees are running late, as is everything else.  They should now arrive from Georgia tomorrow, on May 2nd. A whole pallet load is being picked up and driven immediately up here to Eversweet Apiary in Kearneysville, WV and I will be there bright and early to get my two packages. Then it is home to install the poor things in their new home with some already drawn comb from last year, to help them along. Mixing up sugar syrup today with 1 and 1/2 gallons( = 12 pounds)  hot water to 12 pounds of granulated sugar) to pour into their top feeders and thawing some pollen patties to feed them as well.

I  will have five hives this year, which means there should be enough brood to share between the hives if needed. I painted them all a pretty spring green so they blend in better with the landscape.

Spring Green Hives
Spring Green Hives

The lowest box holds ten frames, some of which has already drawn comb and one with a little honey on it. The second box is initially to surround the opened package so they can calmly walk out and move into their new home on the frames below. The queen will hang in her tiny cage between the frames until they chew their way in to her and let her out in a day or two. Meanwhile they can get used to her pheromone smell and hopefully accept her. They will kill her if she doesn’t smell right.

The third box up is the sugar syrup feeder which has a round screened light vent cut into it to keep them from building comb up there. They prefer to build in the dark and I do not want comb all over the place. I want them organized on the hanging frames and easily workable.

May 2

I picked up the bees, brought them home and had a problem right away. The queen in box one arrived dead. she was wedged up in the sugar with her head close to the screen and the bees probably stung her to death. So I had to drive back and get a new queen, which cost me an unexpected $37.  This time I got a Carniolian Queen  instead of the Italian that was shipped. They are supposed to do better here and not eat so much in the winter.

Got the Queens hung on the frames and packages opened and turned on their side in the empty box above. Installed a half pound slab of pollen patty across the top of the frames as well, to supply protein to enable brood rearing. Then I poured a gallon of syrup in each feeder for carbohydrates that enable them to build comb.

Bees hovering around the feeder screen
Bees hovering around the feeder screen

I was not sure where to install the inner cover, above or below the feeder,  so I put it on top of the feeder and then the roof on top of that.  I missed the first class where they discussed this and I can’t find an answer on line or in my books.

May 3rd

I called Ed Forney at Geezer Ridge this morning and asked him what to do with the inner cover and he told me not to use it when a top feeder is in place because there is a notch in it that will allow the bees in to the very top and they will drown in the syrup. Sure enough. I went back out right away and took them off but had already lost about 60 bees to drowning. With things put together right the bees access the syrup from underneath and climb out on the wire mesh.  It could have been worse.

Mann Lake Top Feeder Tray
Mann Lake Top Feeder Tray

While I was out in the bee yard, I removed the now vacated packages and the hive boxes around them. I also checked the queen cages but they had not been released yet so I left them alone. I will check them again in a couple more days. The international marking color for queens this year is black, which is useless. They need to erase that one from the list. There is no way to see it when there is so much black on the bees. Normally, painting them with the annual color could be helpful in spotting them. Glad I did not pay extra for it.

The eleagnus, or Autumn Olive, is blooming right now as are the ranunculus or Buttercups. Also the invasive garlic mustard and the yellow mustard, dandelions and phlox divaricata, or Woodland phlox, are all in bloom, so there are a few things for the bees out there. It has been really cold, damp, dreary and rainy lately, which is not good for bees to fly in. As soon as there is sun  they will be out doing double time.

Phlox divaricata and Taraxacum, or Dandelion
Phlox divaricata and Taraxacum, or Dandelion

Adding the links to these plants has informed me of the toxicity of the ranunculus to horses and cattle. Great. I opened up the small paddock covered in them just yesterday. Now I will be going back out and closing it off, although apparently horses don’t usually eat it unless they are starving, which she is definitely not. It is all mixed in with  orchard grass and clover, which I hate to have to kill. Sometimes I feel as though I cannot win. I will keep trying though.

Mara in the Buttercups
Mara in the Buttercups

-Wendy lee,  writing at Edgewisewoods